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在英语学习中，介词（如 in, on, at, for, with, about, to, from, of 等）虽然是小词，却扮演着极其重要的角色。它们常常与特定的动词、形容词或名词形成固定搭配（Collocations）。这些搭配不是随意组合的，而是英语在长期使用中形成的习惯用法。掌握这些固定搭配对于表达准确、自然、地道的英语至关重要。

一、 什么是介词固定搭配？

介词固定搭配指的是某些动词、形容词或名词必须或习惯性地与某个特定的介词连用，构成一个具有特定含义的表达单元。你不能随意替换其中的介词，否则意思可能改变，或者听起来不地道、甚至错误。

二、 为什么固定搭配如此重要？

准确性： 错误的介词搭配会导致意思表达错误或模糊不清。例如：

depend on (依靠) 不能说成 depend of 或 depend at。

interested in (对...感兴趣) 不能说成 interested about 或 interested for。

good at (擅长) 不能说成 good in 或 good about。

地道性： 即使意思勉强能被理解，使用错误的介词也会让表达听起来别扭、不自然，暴露非母语者的身份。固定搭配是地道英语的标志之一。

词汇深度： 掌握固定搭配是扩大词汇量、提升语言运用能力的有效途径，它让你能更精确、更丰富地表达思想。

三、 介词固定搭配的主要类型与例子

动词 + 介词 (Verb + Preposition):

这是最常见也最重要的一类。动词后面跟特定介词，形成一个相当于及物动词的短语，后面接宾语。

例子：

agree with (同意某人/某观点)： I agree with you on that point.

arrive at/in (到达小地点/大地点)： We arrived at the station. They arrived in London yesterday.

believe in (相信...的存在或价值)： Do you believe in ghosts? I believe in hard work.

belong to (属于)： This book belongs to me.

care about (关心)： He doesn't care about money.

complain about (抱怨某事)： She complained about the noise.

concentrate on (专注于)： Please concentrate on your work.

depend on (依靠，取决于)： Success depends on effort. Children depend on their parents.

laugh at (嘲笑)： Don't laugh at him.

listen to (听)： She is listening to music.

look at (看)： Look at the blackboard.

look for (寻找)： I'm looking for my keys.

pay for (为...付款)： Who paid for dinner?

succeed in (在...方面成功)： He succeeded in passing the exam.

talk to/with (和...交谈)： I need to talk to you. We were talking with our neighbors.

think about/of (考虑/想到)： I'm thinking about my vacation. What do you think of this idea?

wait for (等待)： We are waiting for the bus.

形容词 + 介词 (Adjective + Preposition):

形容词描述主语的状态或特征时，后面常跟特定介词，再接名词、代词或动名词。

例子：

afraid of (害怕...)： She is afraid of spiders.

angry with/at (对某人生气/对某事生气)： He was angry with me. She was angry at the delay.

bad at (不擅长...)： I'm bad at singing.

capable of (有能力做...)： He is capable of great things.

different from/to (与...不同 - 美式/英式)： American English is slightly different from British English. (美式) / different to (英式)

excited about (对...感到兴奋)： We are all excited about the trip.

famous for (因...而著名)： Italy is famous for its food.

fed up with (对...感到厌烦)： I'm fed up with this weather.

fond of (喜欢...)： She is very fond of animals.

full of (充满...)： The room was full of people.

good at (擅长...)： He is good at math.

interested in (对...感兴趣)： Are you interested in art?

keen on (热衷于...)： He is very keen on photography.

proud of (为...感到自豪)： They are proud of their son's achievements.

responsible for (对...负责)： Who is responsible for this mess?

similar to (与...相似)： Your dress is similar to mine.

tired of (厌倦...)： I'm tired of watching TV.

名词 + 介词 (Noun + Preposition):

某些名词后面习惯性地跟特定介词，引出相关的信息。

例子：

advantage of (...的优点)： One advantage of living here is the low cost.

disadvantage of (...的缺点)： The main disadvantage of the plan is the cost.

cause of (...的原因)： The cause of the fire is unknown.

reason for (...的原因)： What was the reason for his resignation?

increase in (...的增长)： There has been a sharp increase in prices.

decrease in (...的减少)： We saw a decrease in sales last month.

difference between (...之间的区别)： There's a big difference between theory and practice.

relationship with/between (与...的关系/...之间的关系)： She has a good relationship with her boss. The relationship between the two countries is improving.

solution to (...的解决方法)： We need to find a solution to this problem.

key to (...的关键/钥匙)： Hard work is the key to success. Where is the key to the front door?

demand for (对...的需求)： There is a high demand for skilled workers.

comment on (对...的评论)： Do you have any comments on my proposal?

invitation to (参加...的邀请)： Did you get an invitation to the party?

四、 学习介词固定搭配的建议

整体记忆： 不要孤立地记忆单个介词，而是把“动词/形容词/名词 + 介词”作为一个整体词组来学习和记忆。比如直接记住 listen to, good at, reason for。

结合语境： 在阅读和听力中留意这些搭配是如何在句子中使用的。上下文能帮助你理解其含义和用法。

勤查词典： 遇到不确定的搭配时，务必查阅权威的英英或英汉学习词典。词典的词条会明确列出该词的常用介词搭配。

刻意练习： 通过造句、填空、翻译、写作等方式主动练习使用这些固定搭配。

建立语料库： 准备一个笔记本或电子文档，专门记录你遇到的介词固定搭配，并附上例句。定期复习。

接受“习惯性”： 理解很多固定搭配没有特别的逻辑原因，就是语言习惯。与其纠结“为什么”，不如直接记住“就是这样用”。

总结：

介词固定搭配是英语地道表达的核心要素之一。它们看似琐碎，却是准确、流畅沟通的基础。通过有意识地识别、记忆和练习动词+介词、形容词+介词、名词+介词这三类主要搭配，并在阅读和听力中不断积累和巩固，你就能逐步克服这个学习难点，使你的英语表达更加自然、精准和地道。

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